A Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) is a key part of a urological assessment in men. It is used to detect potential problems related to the prostate, which is located just beneath the bladder and surrounds the urethra. The prostate lies near the rectum, and any abnormalities can often be detected during this examination.

• Purpose: This test helps identify changes such as an enlarged or abnormally firm prostate, which might indicate an abnormal growth or prostate cancer.
• How It’s Done: Your doctor will insert a gloved finger into the rectum to feel the surface of the prostate. Any suspicious lumps or bumps may prompt further testing.
• Next Steps: If a lump or abnormality is found, or if your PSA levels are high, additional tests such as an ultrasound-guided biopsy may be recommended. Results will be discussed with you, and appropriate action will be taken.

After the test, you can resume your normal activities.

PSA Test (Prostate-Specific Antigen)

The Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) test is a blood test that measures the level of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate gland. Elevated PSA levels can be a sign of prostate issues, including prostate cancer, although higher levels can also indicate benign conditions such as an enlarged prostate or prostate infection.

• Why It’s Important: A PSA test is often used as an initial screening tool for prostate health. A high PSA level does not necessarily mean you have cancer, but it may indicate that further investigation, such as a biopsy, is needed to rule out serious conditions.
• What the Test Involves: The test is done by drawing a blood sample, which is then sent to a laboratory to measure PSA levels. The results can provide important clues to your doctor regarding the health of your prostate. If your PSA levels are elevated, your doctor may recommend additional tests, such as a DRE or TRUS-guided biopsy, for further evaluation.

TRUS Guided Prostate Biopsy

The Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy is a more invasive procedure used to confirm the presence of prostate cancer. This test is typically performed when a DRE or PSA test suggests abnormal prostate conditions.

1. Purpose: The TRUS-guided biopsy is the most reliable method for diagnosing prostate cancer. It is performed when other tests (such as a high PSA level or abnormal DRE) suggest the possibility of cancer, and a tissue sample is needed for a definitive diagnosis.

2. How It’s Done: The procedure begins with the insertion of a small ultrasound probe into the rectum to provide a clear image of the prostate. The ultrasound helps the doctor see the prostate's structure and guide the placement of the biopsy needle. A special needle is used to take small tissue samples from different areas of the prostate.

3. What to Expect: The biopsy procedure typically lasts about 10 minutes. You will be asked to lie on your side while the ultrasound probe is inserted into the rectum. You may feel some discomfort or pressure as the probe is inserted, and you might hear a clicking sound when the biopsy needle collects tissue samples. The procedure is quick, but it may cause some temporary discomfort. After the test, you can usually drive home, though it's recommended to have someone accompany you, especially if you're anxious about the procedure.

4. Risks and Side Effects: While the procedure is generally safe, there are some potential risks. You might experience minor bleeding in the urine, stool, or semen after the biopsy. Blood in the urine or stool usually resolves within a week. There is also a small risk of infection, which is why antibiotics are often prescribed before the procedure. In rare cases, fever and chills may develop, signalling an infection that requires prompt medical attention. If you are unable to pass urine or feel uncomfortable with a full bladder after the procedure, seek medical help immediately.

5. Timeline for Results: After the prostate biopsy, it usually takes up to a week to receive the results. The samples collected during the biopsy are sent to a laboratory where a pathologist examines them under a microscope.

6. Follow-Up: It's crucial to schedule a follow-up appointment with your doctor to review the biopsy results. During this appointment, your doctor will explain the findings, discuss the next steps, and develop a treatment plan based on the results. If prostate cancer is diagnosed, your doctor will guide you through potential treatment options, such as surgery, radiation, or other therapies.

This comprehensive approach helps ensure that any prostate abnormalities, including cancer, are detected early and treated promptly, improving the chances for effective management and better health outcomes.

Book a consultation with Dr. Aditya Sharma, the top urologist in lucknow and receive the expert care you deserve. Call now or schedule your appointment online!